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41.
Dianye Zhang Lu Wang Shuqi Qin Dan Kou Siyu Wang Zhihu Zheng Josep Peñuelas Yuanhe Yang 《Global Change Biology》2023,29(14):3910-3923
The status of plant and microbial nutrient limitation have profound impacts on ecosystem carbon cycle in permafrost areas, which store large amounts of carbon and experience pronounced climatic warming. Despite the long-term standing paradigm assumes that cold ecosystems primarily have nitrogen deficiency, large-scale empirical tests of microbial nutrient limitation are lacking. Here we assessed the potential microbial nutrient limitation across the Tibetan alpine permafrost region, using the combination of enzymatic and elemental stoichiometry, genes abundance and fertilization method. In contrast with the traditional view, the four independent approaches congruently detected widespread microbial nitrogen and phosphorus co-limitation in both the surface soil and deep permafrost deposits, with stronger limitation in the topsoil. Further analysis revealed that soil resources stoichiometry and microbial community composition were the two best predictors of the magnitude of microbial nutrient limitation. High ratio of available soil carbon to nutrient and low fungal/bacterial ratio corresponded to strong microbial nutrient limitation. These findings suggest that warming-induced enhancement in soil nutrient availability could stimulate microbial activity, and probably amplify soil carbon losses from permafrost areas. 相似文献
42.
P. Slurink 《Human Evolution》1993,8(4):265-273
In contrast to many other models of human evolution the “balance of power” theory of Alexander has a clear answer to the question
why a runaway selection process for unique social and moral capacities occurred in our ancestry only and not in other species:
“ecological dominance” is hypothesized to have diminished the effects of “extrinsic” forces of natural selection such that
withinspecies, intergroup competition increased (Alexander, 1989). Alexander seems to be wrong, however, in his claim that
already the common HUCHIBO (Humans, Chimps, Bonobo's)-ancestor has crossed the ecological dominance barrier. In this paper
an adapted version of Alexander's model is presented and several different ways are proposed to make this adapted version
testable. A preliminary survey of the available paleontological and paleoecological data suggests that there is some evidence
of a less vulnerable position towards predators in earlyHomo and that there are clear signs related to a crossing of the ecological dominance barrier inHomo sapiens sapiens. 相似文献
43.
为探究北部湾鱼类生态化学计量特征,于2021年3月—4月采集分析了北部湾沿岸9个渔港的79种鱼类(382尾)碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量特征。结果表明北部湾鱼类C、N、P元素含量变化范围分别为33.87%—58.34%、6.31%—14.92%和0.77%—4.67%;C∶N、C∶P、N∶P的变化范围分别为3.43—9.72、19.15—173.06和5.04—33.68,其中P元素含量变化最大,导致C∶P和N∶P的变化。不同物种在科间的差异较大,科内的差异较小。不同体型和食性鱼类之间的C、N、P含量及比值具有显著差异(P<0.05)。鱼类的C∶P和N∶P与P含量呈显著负相关(R2=0.966,P<0.01;R2=0.877,P<0.01),P含量和Ca含量呈显著正相关(R2=0.919,P<0.01),P含量的变化可能与鱼类骨骼和鳞片的形成有关。总之,北部湾鱼类未保持严格的生态化学计量平衡,鱼类生态化学计量特征存在显著的种间差异,主要因鱼类不同的体型和食性差异所致。 相似文献
44.
树皮是维管形成层以外的所有组织,其功能性状是反映植物生态适应策略的重要研究对象。为了揭示亚热带山地乔、灌木小枝树皮功能性状特征及其关联性,采用独立样本T检验和标准主轴回归方法对武夷山19种常见木本植物小枝树皮的主要功能性状的基本特征及其相关性进行了分析。结果发现:(1)树皮厚度、树皮密度与树皮含水量在乔、灌木之间无显著差异,其均值分别为(0.78±0.06)mm、(0.58±0.03)mg/cm3和(155.07±14.16)%。树皮碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)生态化学计量特征在乔、灌木之间差异也不显著,C、N、P平均值分别为(492.43±4.25)mg/g、(8.90±0.74)mg/g和(0.61±0.06)mg/g,树皮C∶N、C∶P与N∶P平均值分别为60.76±4.17、905.53±67.36与15.19±0.84。(2)树皮性状之间存在关联,其中树皮厚度与密度、密度与含水量均呈异速生长关系,而树皮厚度与含水量、氮含量与磷含量均呈等速生长关系。乔木树皮碳含量和磷含量间、灌木树皮密度和氮含量间均呈异速生长关系,乔木与灌木各性状间关系差异不显著。结果表明... 相似文献
45.
Ephedra sinica is a rare and vulnerable species in China, and the habitat of Ephedra sinica is seriously threatened (by climate change and human activities). Predicting the suitable growth areas and constructing ecological corridors for Ephedra sinica in China will help to protect it scientifically. Based on 306 valid distribution records and 13 selected environmental factors, the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model was used to simulate the potential current habitat zones and future (2050 and 2070) habitat zones of Ephedra sinica under four climate change scenarios. The minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model was applied to extract important ecological corridors of Ephedra sinica. The results indicate that: (1) Under the current environment, the total area of the suitable habitat for Ephedra sinica in China is 42.24 × 105 km2, mainly distributed in Northwest China and North China. (2) Suitable area increases as the RCP rises. The center of mass of the habitat zone moved northward from Shaanxi Province to Ordos City in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. (3) Of the 13 environmental factors selected, the primary factor was elevation (20.8 %), followed by wettest month precipitation (18.2 %) and temperature seasonality (15.2 %). (4) Built 19 ecological corridors, with a total corridor length of 430.2 km, including seven long-distance passages and 12 short-distance corridors. All corridors are far from the artificial surface, mostly near high-altitude areas. The 19 ecological corridors constructed using the MCR model will also provide considerable importance for the survival of Ephedra sinica on a longer time scale in the future. 相似文献
46.
Carbon : nitrogen : phosphorus (C : N : P) stoichiometry can underlie physiological and life history characteristics that shape ecological interactions. Despite its potential importance, there is much to learn about the causes and consequences of stoichiometric variation in terrestrial consumers. Here we show that treehoppers (Publilia modesta) tended by ants (Formica obscuripes) contained lower N concentrations than treehoppers on plants from which ants were excluded. Ant presence also affected nutrient concentrations in host plants: on plants with ants, leaves contained uniformly low concentrations of N; on plants without ants, N concentrations were low only in the few leaves fed upon by treehoppers at the time of collection. We suggest treehopper feeding reduces leaf nutrient levels and ants positively affect treehopper abundance, producing a top–down effect on plant quality. Determining the causes of these stoichiometric changes should help elucidate factors guiding the dynamics of conditional mutualisms between ants and homopterans. 相似文献
47.
桃儿七分布格局与生态适应的初步研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
以云南产桃儿七Sinopodophyllum hexandrum(Royle)Ying为研究材料,分析了它的分布格局及生态适应。指出桃儿七是一个分布范围较广、生态适应幅度大的物种;在分布区内它主要出现在具有次生植被的山谷中,个体在居群内的分布格局,由于受到放牧活动的影响而呈聚群式分布,植株常出现在灌木丛下和树根附近。它适应夏秋湿润凉爽,冬季及早春寒冷干燥的气候条件,并具有相应的生长与发育节律。人类 相似文献
48.
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50.
The field metabolic rates (FMR) and rates of water flux were measured in two species of varanid lizards over five periods of the year in tropical Australia. The energetics of these species were further investigated by directly measuring activity (locomotion) and body temperatures of free-ranging animals by radiotelemetry, and by measuring standard metabolic rate (over a range of body temperatures) and activity metabolism in the laboratory. Seasonal differences in the activity and energetics were found in these goannas despite similar, high daytime temperatures throughout the year in tropical Australia. Periods of inactivity were associated with the dry times of the year, but the onset of this period of inactivity differed with respect to habitat even within the same species. Varanus gouldii, which inhabit woodlands only, were inactive during the dry and late dry seasons. V. panoptes that live in the woodland had a similar seasonal pattern of activity, but V. panoptes living near the floodplain of the South Alligator River had their highest levels of activity during the dry season when they walked long distances to forage at the receding edge of the floodplain. However, during the late dry season, after the floodplain had dried completely, they too became inactive. For V. gouldii, the rates of energy expenditure were 196 kJ kg–1 day–1 for active animals and 66 kJ kg–1 day–1 for inactive animals. The rates of water influx for these groups were respectively 50.7 and 19.5 ml kg–1 day–1. For V. panoptes, the rates of energy expenditure were 143 kJ kg–1 day–1 for active animals and 56 kJ kg–1 day–1 for inactive animals. The rates of water influx for these two groups were respectively 41.4 and 21.0 ml kg–1 day–1. We divided the daily energy expenditure into the proportion of energy that lizards used when in burrows, out of burrows but inactive, and in locomotion for the two species during the different seasons. The time spent in locomotion by V. panoptes during the dry season is extremely high for a reptile (mean of 3.5 h/day spent walking), and these results provide an ecological correlate to the high aerobic capacity found in laboratory measurements of some species of varanids. 相似文献